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TIME: Almanac 1993
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041089
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04108900.018
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1992-09-23
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BUSINESS, Page 84JOINT MISADVENTURES
Once giddy about doing deals, Western firms discover that their
Soviet partners are not always on the line
After the U.S.S.R. put out the welcome mat two years ago to
attract joint ventures with Western firms, hundreds of business
executives rushed to Moscow. Many of them inked deals to
produce such wares as shoes and pizza, computer software and
fertilizer. But doing business in the Soviet Union has presented
more challenges than capitalists imagined. The road to
perestroika's pot of gold is filled with bureaucratic potholes.
IGNORE THEM, AND MAYBE THEY'LL GO AWAY. Soviet employees
are a bit lackadaisical when it comes to customer relations.
Said a U.S. executive: "The phone would ring, and our Soviet
managers wouldn't answer it. They'd pick up the receiver and
hang up. And they didn't understand about taking messages. I
would come back to the office, and they'd say, `Someone called.'
I've finally got them to take a number."
WE'VE BEEN MEANING TO GET TO THAT. After Combustion
Engineering signed a contract in 1987 to provide machinery and
software for oil refineries, Soviet bureaucrats helped the
company locate a Moscow building for its headquarters. Only
problem: there were holes in the floors, and the structure was
badly in need of renovation. Until they can find suitable
quarters, 22 of the firm's workers are crammed into three tiny
hotel rooms.
WANT SOME RUBLES CHEAP? Since the Soviets do not permit
their money to be freely converted into dollars or other
currencies, the rubles Westerners earn in the U.S.S.R. have
dubious value. Foreign companies cannot send their rubles home
or even calculate their earnings accurately because there is no
accepted exchange rate. While Moscow says the ruble is worth
about $1.60, the currency fetches as little as 10 cents on the
black market. Some U.S. firms have got around the problem by
persuading Moscow to allow the companies to export what they
produce with Soviet partners for dollars rather than rubles.
HAVE YOU GOT A LICENSE TO OPERATE THAT STAPLER? A U.S. firm
that wanted to install photocopiers was told to obtain a
special permit from the local fire department. When the same
company tried to order typewriters, recalls its office manager,
"the Soviets said, `We can't get those. We'll do that next
year.' "
QUICK, SEND OVER A TON OF PEPPERONI. AstroPizza, a joint
venture between the city of Moscow and New Jersey's Roma Food
Enterprises, was a hit from the moment its truck began hawking
hot slices around Moscow last spring. But when Roma resumes
sales this month after a winter break, the company will once
again have to ship all the fixings from New Jersey because it
has been unable to find decent tomatoes, cheese and other
ingredients in the U.S.S.R.
HAVE YOU GOT A WORD MEANING LEVERAGED BUYOUT? Drawing up a
contract that is precisely equivalent in two languages, English
and Russian, can be a mind-bending exercise. One problem: there
are no words in the Russian language for many Western business
terms. Michael Bonsignore, president of Honeywell International,
took special care in preparing contracts for the equipment that
his company is providing for four Soviet fertilizer plants. Says
he: "We translated our English documents into Russian, then had
someone else translate them back into English to make sure that
we were really saying to them exactly what we wanted to say."
LET ME OUT, I'M HAVING A BIG MAC ATTACK! The expense of
maintaining Western employees in the U.S.S.R. is
extraordinarily high, as much as $400,000 a year for a
one-worker office. Says a Western diplomat: "The cost of
renovating a Soviet apartment to our standards is $100,000, if
you can find one. And to keep the Western employees sane, you
have to fly them out of the country at least four times a year."
Because employees feel deprived of their comforts, some
companies provide allowances, so that personnel can import such
hard-to-find items as toothpaste, fruit, toilet paper and fresh
vegetables.
I'VE HEARD OF THE SOFT SELL, BUT THIS IS RIDICULOUS. The
Soviets have almost no advertising experience, since there has
been little need for promotion in a land of few choices and
chronic shortages. The basic sales philosophy can be summed up
in the words of a Soviet citizen who was asked what he would do
if he wanted to attract more customers to stay at his hotel.
"Well," he said, "I would hope that all the other hotels were
full."